Careeroza

Actions Class Basics

Building a Chain

Some user actions are not a simple click: hovering, holding a key, dragging. The Actions class builds a chain of low-level mouse and keyboard steps and sends them with perform().

import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions;

Actions actions = new Actions(driver);
actions.moveToElement(menu)       // step 1
       .pause(Duration.ofMillis(300))
       .click(subItem)            // step 2
       .perform();                // nothing happens until perform()

Note: Forgetting perform() is a classic mistake: the code runs without error and nothing happens in the browser.

Common Methods

Method	Action
`moveToElement(el)`	hover
`click()`, `doubleClick(el)`, `contextClick(el)`	click, double click, right click
`clickAndHold(el)`, `release(el)`, `dragAndDrop(src, target)`	drag
`keyDown(Keys.SHIFT)`, `keyUp(...)`, `sendKeys(...)`	keyboard
`scrollToElement(el)`, `scrollByAmount(0, 600)`	scroll (Selenium 4.2+)