Real World Example

On Amazon- or Flipkart-style "My Orders" pages, the order rows are generated and have no stable ids. The QA team locates rows by order number text and reads the status with axes:

public String statusOf(String orderId) {
    String xpath = String.format("//td[text()='%s']/following-sibling::td[1]", orderId);
    return driver.findElement(By.xpath(xpath)).getText();
}

public void cancel(String orderId) {
    String xpath = String.format("//td[text()='%s']/parent::tr//button[contains(.,'Cancel')]", orderId);
    driver.findElement(By.xpath(xpath)).click();
}

System.out.println("ORD-1001: " + statusOf("ORD-1001"));
System.out.println("ORD-1002: " + statusOf("ORD-1002"));

Run OrderHistoryTest.main()

ORD-1001: Delivered
ORD-1002: Shipped

Short, relative locators that use meaningful text and attributes survive redesigns. Teams review locators in code review the same way they review code.